Capacitance of a Spherical Capacitor—

Let us consider an isolated spherical conductor of radius ‘R’ and centre ‘O’. If Q charge is given to it, then potential at the surface of conductor

Electrical Capacitance—

Every conductor has the ability to hold the charge. When some charge is given to a conductor, its potential is also increased. This potential of conductor is directly proportional to the charge given to it.

Hence, Capacitance is defined as the charge required to increase the potential of the conductor by unity. It is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is farad.

Types of Material--

On the basis of their electrical conductivity materials are devided into two categories:

Potential Energy of an Electric Dipole, when placed in Uniform Electric Field--

Let us consider an Electric Dipole having dipole moment p is placed making an angle θ with external field . Then torque acting on the dipole is given by,