Combination of Cells—

Cells are combined in three manner

1. Series Combination
2. Parallel combination
3. Hybrid or Mix combination

Series Combination of Cells—       

When cells are arranged such that negative electrode of first cell is connected to the positive electrode of  the second cell and negative electrode of second one is connected to the positive electrode of third so on, the arrangement is called series combination.

Let us have ‘n’ cells of emf ‘E’ and internal Resistance ‘r’ are connected in series with an external resistance ‘R’ so that a current ‘i’ set up in the ‘R’, then,

Parallel Combination of Cell—

When cells are arranged such that positive electrodes of all the cells are connected to one common point and the negative electrodes of all the cells are connected to another common point, the arrangement is called parallel combination.

Let us have ‘m’ cells of emf ‘E’ and internal Resistance ‘r’ are connected in parallel

 with an external resistance ‘R’ so that a current ‘i’ set up in the ‘R’, then,

Emf of one cell = E

Emf of m cells = E           (since, in parallel potential difference remain same)

Internal resistance of one cell = r

Hybrid or Mix Combination of Cell—

When cells are arranged such that arrangement has series and parallel both combination, the arrangement is called hybrid combination.

Let us have ‘m x n’ cells of emf ‘E’ and internal Resistance ‘r’ are connected such that ‘n’ cells are connected in series and ‘m’ such rows are connected in parallel  with an external resistance ‘R’ so that a current ‘i’ set up in the ‘R’, then,

Emf of one cell= E

Emf of one row of n cells = nE          

Emf of m row of n cells = nE           (since, in parallel potential difference remain same)

Internal resistance of one cell = r

Internal resistance of one row of n cell = nr